閱讀應該是聽說讀寫中最簡單的吧。
雖說是最簡單的,但其實它也沒那麼簡單。
若是單字片語記得的不夠多、文法基礎不扎實、不知道該如何分解又臭又長的句子等等,閱讀英文還真是件痛苦的事。
單字的部分詳見米小鹹學英文的方法---如何背單字。文法的話可進入博客來網路書局---學英文專區找。在這一篇中我先分享分解句子的部分。
若覺得句子長到看完後面忘了前面,米小鹹就會把那個句子簡單化---先標出修飾名詞的分詞片語、形容詞子句等等,或找出名詞子句,將他們去掉不看,這樣句子的主幹(主詞&動詞&....)就會浮現,然後在補上剛剛被去掉的句子,就可以一步一步將作者想傳達的訊息拼湊出來了。若你是在比較初學的階段,句子中多了if、becuase、when、after......等等後面接的句子,就覺得句子很長,那可以把那些句子標出來,先找出句子的主詞和動詞。
一個完整句子一定會有主詞和動詞。因此,若覺得句子很長,就先找到這兩個必有的元素,再加進其他次要的修飾語或子句就會比較容易看懂。
分詞片語其實是形容詞子句的簡化,它省略了形容詞子句的主詞(即例句中的who和which等關係代名詞)並改變動詞呈現的方式(改為動詞ing或動詞的過去分詞形式)。分詞片語分為主動和被動的形式,例如,"He likes the girl working with him every day."等於 "He likes the girl who works with him every day.", "He ate a lot of cakes made by his sister."等於"He ate a lot of cakes which were made by his sister."。
名詞子句的話讓我來舉個例子She told him that she went shopping last night.。簡單來說就是「她告訴他一件事」,所以這種「that+主詞+動詞...」的子句可以看做名詞。
先讓米小鹹解釋一下句中有because的情況。
Alice went shopping because she needed to buy bread.
→
Alice went shopping (because she needed to buy bread).
先把用because接的句子刮起來不看,找出句子的主詞(Alice)和動詞(went),即該句子的主要部分是Alice went shopping。看懂主要部分之後再看because後面接的句子,就會比較容易懂囉!
接著以一篇英文新聞中的一個樂樂長句子為例來解決分詞片語造成混亂的冏境。
The study, published in the July issue of the Journal of Physical Activity and Health, involved 83 families participating in a program designed to curb weight gain among overweight and obese children ranging in age from 7 to 14.
→
The study, (published in the July issue of the Journal of Physical Activity and Health,) involved 83 families (participating in a program (designed to curb weight gain among overweight and obese children (ranging in age from 7 to 14.)))
1. 依照順序將修飾名詞的分詞片語都括起來不看。
(1) study 被published in the July issue of the Journal of Physical Activity and Health修飾。
(2) families 被participating in a program designed to curb weight gain among overweight and obese children ranging in age from 7 to 14修飾。其中,program 被designed to curb weight gain among overweight and obese children ranging in age from 7 to 14修飾,children又被ranging in age from 7 to 14修飾。
2. 句子的主幹出現:The study involved 83 families ,即主詞+動詞+名詞的簡單結構。
3. 將修飾名詞的分詞片語逐步加到句子主幹中以理解。
若像修飾families的分詞片語中還包含其它的分詞片語,我通常會先從後面開始理解起,即先懂children的部分,再看program的部分,最後就可以看懂families樂樂長的修飾語了!
再來我舉一個有形容詞子句及名詞子句例子。
The researchers pointed out that the children who were less active when the program started took more additional steps than the children who were more active.
→
The researchers pointed out that (the children (who were less active when the program started) took more additional steps than the children (who were more active.))
1. 發現that後面接的名詞子句:the children who were less active when the program started took more additional steps than the children who were more active。
2. 句子的主幹出現:The researchers pointed out that(後接名詞子句),即主詞+動詞+名詞的簡單結構。
3. 發現名詞子句中有修飾名詞的形容詞子句,先將它們括起來不看。
(1) 第一個 children 被who were less active when the program started修飾。
(2) 第二個 children 被who were more active修飾。
4. 此名詞子句的句型為比較級的句型,可先簡化為:the children took more additional steps than the children,即A+ 比較的內容XXX+than+B (A比B更XXX)。
5. 可先理解後面兩個位於名詞子句內的形容詞子句,就可先理解名詞子句的意思,接著再將名詞子句加到句子的主幹中以理解整個樂樂長的句子。
可至英文新聞---父母會影響小孩的活動力 When Parents Get Active, So Do Kids 閱讀該篇新聞完整的內容,內有詳細的閱讀步驟與說明喔!
如果依照這樣的方法還是有種吸收不良的感覺,那可能是因為還不習慣用英文思考的關係。
仔細想想,若把這個句子變成中文,這還不簡單嗎?
當然,字彙太過艱深或對該領域不熟悉有時候也會影響理解的速度。
改善的方法?多讀是進步的不二法門。
另外讀英文可分為略讀和精讀。
略讀就是以能抓住該文的大綱為主,不需太有壓力去仔細探究每一個字。
大部分的時候可以略讀的方式讀英文,輕鬆愉快,因為若每次都要精讀,那很快就會放棄念英文這件事了。也不要找一篇很長的文章,例如超過500字的,因為真的會很崩潰~哈哈哈~這可是我之前好高騖遠的切身經歷@~@
精讀的部分米小鹹認為有以下幾個步驟:
1. 先略讀一次文章抓住文章大意。若有些地方因句子過長導致理解困難,可依照上面分解句子的方法。
2. 查出每個不懂的單字片語,也可以順便看看他們的其他用法。
3. 試著翻譯成中文。很多人可能會覺得中翻英很難,而英翻中比較簡單。沒錯!但其實英翻中真的沒有我們想像中那麼簡單……。
4. 試試看能否用英文以摘要的方式重述一遍閱讀內容。看是要寫下來,還是要用說的,總之,就是假裝自己在和朋友線上或面對面聊天。用另一種說法講述同樣的意思可以考驗大家英文的功力喔!米小鹹也試著突破中……每次都會很想照抄文章內容……。
祝大家的英文都有所長進啦!
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